Resumen Objetivo: Estimar el impacto potencial de la disminución teórica del índice de masa corporal, sobre la incidencia y la fracción atribuible poblacional de cánceres hepático, colorrectal y de mama, en el contexto colombiano, 2016-2050. Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio de macrosimulación, bajo tres escenarios de distribuciones futuras del índice de masa corporal: el primero o de “Referencia” (sin intervenir el factor de riesgo), y dos de intervención: el segundo, consistente en la reducción gradual, acumulada en los primeros diez años, del 10 % de la diferencia entre los valores medios esperados e ideales del índice de masa corporal, y sostenerla hasta el 2050; y el tercero, correspondiente a lograr “Toda la población con índice de masa corporal ideal” a partir del 2017. Resultados: Se estimó, bajo el tercer escenario, que las proporciones de cánceres que podrían evitarse oscilarían, en las mujeres, entre 8,0 % (cáncer colorrectal) y 16,7 % (cáncer hepático), y en los hombres, entre 10,4 % (cáncer colorrectal) y 12,2 % (cáncer hepático). Bajo el segundo escenario, los casos evitables proyectados corresponderían aproximadamente a 4009 cánceres de mama (en mujeres), 2086 cánceres colorrectales y 728 cánceres hepáticos; y bajo el tercer escenario, a 48 410 cánceres de mama, 25 089 cánceres colorrectales y 8648 cánceres hepáticos. Conclusión: Intervenir para disminuir el exceso de peso en la población colombiana contribuiría especialmente a evitar, en ambos sexos, el cáncer hepático, y en las mujeres, los casos nuevos de cáncer de mama.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the effect of a theoretical decrease impact of the body mass index on the incidence and the population attributable fraction of liver, colorectal and breast cancers in Colombian, 2016-2050.. Methodology: A macro-simulation study was performed under three scenarios of future distributions of the body mass index: the first or of “Reference” (without intervening on the risk factor) and two interventions scenarios: the second consisting of a gradual reduction, accumulated over the first ten years, of 10 % of the difference between the expected and ideal mean values of the body mass index and sustaining these until 2050; and the third corresponding to achieve “Complete population with ideal Body Mass Index” as of 2017. Results: It was estimated that the proportions of cancers that could be avoided under the third scenario, would range between 8,0 % (colorectal cancer) and 16,7 % (liver cancer) among women and between 10,4 % (colorectal cancer) and 12,2 % (liver cancer) among men. The avoidable number of cases projected under the second scenario would correspond to approximately 4009 breast cancers (in women), 2086 colorectal cancers and 728 liver cancers, and under the third scenario to 48 410 breast cancers, 25 089 colorectal cancers and 8648 liver cancers. Conclusion: Interventions to reduce excess weight in the Colombian population, would especially contribute to avoid liver cancer in both sexes and the new cases of breast cancer (in women).

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar o impacto da redução teórica do índice de massa corporal, em incidência e a fração atribuível da população de cânceres de fígado, colorretal e de mama, no contexto colombiano, 2016-2050. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo de macro-simulação, sob três cenários de distribuições futuras do índice de massa corporal: o primeiro ou de “Referência” (sem intervir o fator de risco) e duas de intervenção: a segunda, consistindo na redução gradual, acumulou nos primeiros dez anos, do 10 % da diferença entre os valores médios esperados e ideais do índice de massa corporal e sustentando-o até 2050; e a terceira, correspondendo ao alcançar “Toda a população com Índice de Massa Corporal ideal” a partir do 2017. Resultados: Estimou-se que as proporções de cânceres que poderiam ser evitadas no terceiro cenário variariam em mulheres entre 8,0 % (câncer colorretal) e 16,7 % (câncer de fígado) e em homens entre 10,4 % (câncer colorretal) e 12,2 % (câncer de fígado). Os casos evitáveis projetados sob a segundo cenário corresponderiam a aproximadamente 4009 cânceres de mama (em mulheres), 2086 cânceres colorretais e 728 cânceres de fígado e, sob a terceiro cenário, a 48 410 cânceres de mama, 25 089 cânceres colorretais e 8648 cânceres de fígado. Conclusão: Intervir para reduzir o excesso de peso na população colombiana, contribuiria especialmente para evitar o câncer de fígado em ambos os sexos e novos casos de câncer de mama (em mulheres).

Abstract Introduction: The promotion of healthy lifestyles by the health professional depends on their own habits, which are consolidated during university education. However, the variation in eating habits and physical activity among university students from different health programs is not known. Objective: Identify the differences in the levels of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and eating habits among students from different programs in the health area at a private university in Bogotá. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study in undergraduate students of nursing, surgical instrumentation, optometry, medicine, and dentistry. Students were in the I to IV semester during August 2017. Physical activity (IPAQ-SF) and eating habits (questionnaire of frequency of consumption) were measured. The χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons between programs. Results: 692 students participated and 77.8% were women. Surgical instrumentation showed the lowest percentage of lunch consumption (88%; p=0.004); in the sample there was low consumption of all food groups, specifically dentistry had low consumption of cereals (29%; p=0.021) and nursing had low consumption of fruits (35%; p=0.04) and meat-eggs-legumes (35%; p=0.01). On the other hand, medicine presented the highest prevalence of high level of physical activity (41%; p=0.002) and nursing the highest percentage of low level (60%; p=0.01). Conclusions: Differences were found in the levels of physical activity and eating habits among the different programs evaluated. Interventions at the curricular level and health promotion are necessary to improve university lifestyles.

Resumen Introducción: La promoción de estilos de vida saludables por el profesional de salud depende de sus propios hábitos, los cuales se afianzan durante la formación universitaria. Sin embargo, los hábitos alimentarios, niveles de actividad física y sedentarismo pueden variar entre universitarios de distintos programas del área de la salud. Objetivo: Identificar las diferencias de los niveles de actividad física y de hábitos alimentarios entre estudiantes de diferentes programas del área de la salud de una universidad privada en Bogotá. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en estudiantes de I-IV semestre de enfermería, instrumentación quirúrgica, medicina, odontología y optometría durante agosto 2017. Se midió actividad física (IPAQ-SF) y hábitos alimentarios (cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo). Se emplearon las pruebas χ2 y Kruskal-Wallis para las comparaciones entre programas. Resultados: Participaron 692 estudiantes y 77,8% fueron mujeres. Instrumentación mostró el más bajo porcentaje de consumo de almuerzo (88%; p0,004); en la población se presentó bajo consumo de todos los grupos de alimentos, específicamente odontología tuvo bajo consumo de cereales (29%; p=0,021) y enfermería de frutas (35%; p=0,04) y carnes-huevos-leguminosas (35%; p=0,01). Por otra parte, medicina presentó la mayor prevalencia de nivel alto de actividad física (41%; p=0,002) y enfermería el mayor porcentaje de nivel bajo (60%; p=0,01). Conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de actividad física y hábitos alimentarios entre los distintos programas evaluados. Se deberían realizar intervenciones a nivel curricular y de promoción de la salud para mejorar los estilos de vida de los universitarios.

RESUMO Objetivo Quantificar a prevalência e os fatores relacionados ao risco de anorexia e bulimia nervosa em estudantes de graduação de uma universidade particular de Bogotá, Colômbia. Métodos Estudo transversal, que avaliou a frequência de consumo alimentar, atividade física (ferramenta (Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, versão curta), risco de anorexia e bulimia nervosa (Questionário de doença, controle, um, gordura e comida) e variáveis demográficas. A análise estatística utilizou um modelo de regressão logística multivariada, em que o resultado foi o risco sim / não de anorexia ou bulimia nervosa. Resultados Participaram 1.545 estudantes universitários. A idade média era de 19,2 anos (+/- 2,5), 65,7% eram mulheres e 63,9% eram de Bogotá. O risco de anorexia e bulimia nervosa foi de 27,6%. Na regressão logística, o risco foi associado ao sexo feminino (OR 1,6 IC95% 1,2 a 2,1), consumo diário de cereais (OR 0,7 IC95% 0,6 a 0,9), consumo diário de gordura (OR 1,5 IC95% 1,1 a 2,1), comer produtos leves (OR 1,8 IC95% 1,1 a 2,9), consomem suplementos proteicos (OR 0,4 IC95% 0,2 a 0,8), discordam de atividade física para se divertir (OR 1,8 IC95% 1,1 a 3,1) e atividade física pela aparência (OR 2,2 CI95% 1,6 a 2,9). Conclusão A prevalência de risco para anorexia e bulimia nervosa na amostra do estudo é alta. Os fatores associados foram o consumo de cereais, gorduras, produtos light e suplementos proteicos. A atividade física pela aparência e a discordância para fazer exercício pela diversão estiveram associadas ao risco de anorexia e bulimia nervosa. Portanto, é recomendado que as universidades implementem intervenções de conscientização e educação para resolver esse problema.

ABSTRACT Objective To quantify the prevalence and related factors to the risk of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in undergraduate students at a private university in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods A cross-sectional study, which evaluated the frequency of food consumption, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, short form), the risk of anorexia and bulimia nervosa (Sick, Control, One, Fat, and Food questionnaire) and demographic variables. The statistical analysis used a multivariate logistic regression model, where the outcome was the yes/no risk of anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Results A total of 1,545 university students participated. The average age was 19.2 years (+/-2.5), 65.7% were women, and 63.9% came from Bogotá. The risk of anorexia and bulimia nervosa was 27.6%. In the logistic regression, the risk was associated with female sex (OR 1.6 CI95% 1.2 to 2.1), daily consumption of cereals (OR 0.7 CI95% 0.6 to 0.9), daily fat consumption (OR 1.5 CI95% 1.1 to 2.1), eat light products (OR 1.8 CI95% 1.1 to 2.9), consume protein supplements (OR 0.4 CI95% 0.2 to 0.8), being in disagreement with physical activity for fun (OR 1.8 CI95% 1.1 to 3.1), and physical activity by appearance (OR 2.2 CI95% 1.6 to 2.9). Conclusions The prevalence of risk to anorexia and bulimia nervosa in the study sample is high. The associated factors were the consumption of cereals, fat, light products, and protein supplements. Physical activity by appearance and disagreement to do exercise by fun were associated with the risk of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. So it is recommended that universities implement awareness and education interventions to address this problem.

ABSTRACT The prevalence of malnutrition in homes for the elderly is well-known, yet research does not exist concerning differences among types of homes. In this study, the association of nutritional status (measured with MNA-FV and anthropometric measures) with the type of home for the elderly (charity, government, private) was evaluated. A cross-sectional study in adults > 60 years was carried out. Students t, U of Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, or Kruskal Wallis test with statistical significance p < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis. In the study, 152 elderly (95 female) persons with an average age of 81.4 years (SD 7.82) participated; 59.6% had a normal nutritional status and 45.3% had a normal BMI. Malnutrition, risk of malnutrition and low calf circumference were associated with private homes (p < 0.05). We concluded that nutritional status varies by type of home and this nutritional profile possibly depends on criteria used to admit persons into each type of facility.

RESUMEN La prevalencia de la malnutrición en los hogares geriátricos es bien conocida, aunque no existen investigaciones sobre las diferencias del estado nutricional entre los tipos de hogares. Se realizó un estudio transversal en adultos > 60 años que evaluó la asociación del estado nutricional (medido con MNA-VL y medidas antropométricas) con el tipo de hogar geriátrico (caridad, gobierno, privado); para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, ANOVA o Kruskal Wallis con significación estadística p<0,05. Participaron 152 ancianos (62,5% mujeres) y edad promedio de 81,4 (+/-7,82 años); el 59,6% tenía un estado nutricional normal y el 45,3% tenía un IMC normal. La malnutritión, el riesgo de desnutrición y la baja circunferencia de la pantorrilla (<31cm) se asociaron con hogares privados (p<0,05). Concluimos que el estado nutricional varía según el tipo de hogar y este perfil nutricional posiblemente dependa de los criterios utilizados para admitir a los ancianos en cada hogar.

Introduction: malnutrition and sarcopenia, which have similar physiological mechanisms and are both responsible for adverse health outcomes, are highly prevalent in the elderly. Objectives: to measure the consistency of the MNA with the diagnosis of sarcopenia in older adults. Methods: cross-sectional study of consistency in four nursing homes in Bogotá. The nutritional screening and nutritional assessment were made with the Mini Nutritional Assessment in its long form; the diagnosis of sarcopenia was done with the algorithm and the breakpoints of the European Consensus (EWGSOP). Statistical analysis: Pearson Chi2, Mann-Whitney and consistency by Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: we included 108 patients, 62% women, mean age 80.4 years (SD 7.7). The prevalence of sarcopenia, malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 38.9%, 33.3% and 2.8% respectively. The concordance of the MNA with the diagnosis of sarcopenia was slight (kappa 0.1908 95% CI 0.0025 to 0.3791, p<0.05). Conclusion: MNA shows mild concordance to identify sarcopenia, suggesting that it is not an appropriate tool for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in older institutionalized adults.

Introducción: la desnutrición y la sarcopenia son de alta prevalencia en el adulto mayor, compartiendo mecanismos fisiológicos y desenlaces adversos para la salud. Objetivos: cuantificar la consistencia del MNA con el diagnóstico de sarcopenia en el adulto mayor institucionalizado. Métodos: estudio transversal de consistencia, en 4 residencias geriátricas de Bogotá. El tamizaje y la valoración nutricional se hicieron con la forma larga Mini Nutritional Assessment; el diagnóstico de sarcopenia se hizo con el algoritmo y puntos de corte del Consenso Europeo (EWGSOP). Análisis estadístico: Ji² de Pearson, U de Mann-Whitney y coeficiente kappa de Cohen. Resultados y discusión: participaron 108 personas, 62% mujeres, con una edad promedio de 80,4 años (DE 7,7). La prevalencia de sarcopenia, riesgo de desnutrición y desnutrición fueron del 38,9%, 33,3% y 2,8%, respectivamente. La concordancia del MNA con el diagnóstico de sarcopenia fue leve (kappa 0,1908 IC95% 0,0025 a 0,3791; p<0.05) Conclusión: la leve concordancia del MNA para identificar la sarcopenia sugiere que no es una herramienta adecuada para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia en los adultos mayores institucionalizados.